Communication Based on Geographical Region

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, a server establishes communication with user devices; the server receives location data identifying a location of each user device; the server determines a geographical region based on the location of each user device, each geographical region being different for user devices not at the same location; the server receives an audio stream from the first of the user devices; the server determines which of the other user devices are within the geographical region of the first user device; and the server transmits the audio stream to the other user devices that are within the geographical region of the first user device. In some embodiments, the server creates altered audio streams based on the distances between user devices. In some embodiments, the server changes the number of the other user devices that are within the geographical region of the first user device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/924,074 filed Oct. 27, 2015, which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

There are a variety of different applications or techniques for audio(and sometimes video) communication between two or more people usingcomputerized devices. Cell phones, for example, may be used, not only toplace conventional telephone calls to land-line phones or other cellphones, but also to establish audio communication sessions via 3G, 4G orWiFi data communication capabilities, e.g., of a smart phone. Desktop,notebook and tablet computers with a data network connection may also beused for similar data communication audio sessions, including groupconferencing, using services such as Skype™, WebEx™, GoToMeeting™,Sococo™, etc.

Some smart phone based audio communication applications, e.g., BR8KER™,HamSphere™, CB Radio Chat™, CeeBee™, CellPtt™, VirtualWalkieTalkie™,TiKL™, and others, attempt to simulate old-fashioned or analog two-wayradio communication through the data communication capabilities of smartphones. By default, such radio simulation applications typically mutethe microphone, so the user can simply listen to other people withoutparticipating until it is desired to do so. The radio simulationapplications, thus, typically have a push-to-talk feature to simulatethe conventional half-duplex CB (Citizens Band) radio, walkie-talkie orham radio function that requires a user to push a button in order totalk into a microphone. In this manner, a radio-like “feel” is achievedfor the user's experience. However, the radio simulation applicationsgenerally have various restrictive features that adversely impact theradio-like feel of the user experience.

SUMMARY

In some embodiments, a method comprises establishing, by a server,communication with user devices, the user devices including a first userdevice and other user devices; for each user device, receiving, by theserver, location data identifying a location of that user device; foreach user device, determining, by the server, a geographical regionbased on the location of that user device, each geographical regionbeing different for user devices not at the same location; receiving, bythe server, an audio stream from the first user device; determining, bythe server, which of the other user devices are within the geographicalregion of the first user device; and transmitting, by the server, theaudio stream to the other user devices that are within the geographicalregion of the first user device.

In some embodiments, the server determines the geographical region foreach user device with the user device at a center of the geographicalregion. In some embodiments, the server determines the geographicalregion for each user device with the geographical region havingboundaries based on geographical features. In some embodiments, theserver repeatedly determines the geographical region for each userdevice, so that the geographical region changes as that user devicechanges location; and the server repeatedly determines a set of theother user devices that are within the geographical region of the firstuser device, so that the set of the other user devices changes as thegeographical region of the first user device changes. In someembodiments, for each user device with a changing location, the serverdetermines a group of user devices based on i) the geographical regionof that user device, and ii) a history of locations of that user device;and the server transmits the audio stream to the other user devices thatare within the group of user devices for the first user device. In someembodiments, for each user device for which the history of locationsindicates that it is moving, the group of user devices is further basedon a direction of movement of the user device. In some embodiments, foreach user device that is moving, the group of user devices is furtherbased on a direction of movement of the other user devices. In someembodiments, for each user device that is moving, the group of userdevices is further based on a direction of movement of the other userdevices relative to the direction of movement of that user device. Insome embodiments, for each user device that is moving, the group of userdevices is further based on a direction of movement of that user deviceand of the other user devices relative to a geographical feature. Insome embodiments, for each user device for which the history oflocations indicates that it is moving, the group of user devices isfurther based on a speed of movement of that user device. In someembodiments, for each user device, the server determines a group of userdevices based on i) the geographical region of that user device, and ii)that user device and a set of the user devices travelling on a sameroute; and the server transmits the audio stream to the other userdevices that are within the group of user devices for the first userdevice. In some embodiments, for each user device, the server determinesa group of user devices based on the geographical region of that userdevice, the other user devices that are within the geographical regionof that user device being a subset of the other user devices, the subsetof the other user devices being in the group of user devices for thatuser device, and that user device being in the groups of user devicesfor the subset of the other user devices; and for each user device, theserver transmits audio streams received from that user device to theother user devices that are in the group of user devices for that userdevice. In some embodiments, the server transmits the audio stream tothe other user devices that are within the geographical region of thefirst user device in near real-time.

In some embodiments, a method comprises establishing, by a server,communication with user devices, the user devices including a first userdevice and a second user device; for each user device, receiving, by theserver, location data identifying a location of that user device;receiving, by the server, a first audio stream from the first userdevice; determining, by the server, a distance between the first userdevice and the second user device based on the location data for thefirst user device and the location data for the second user device;creating, by the server, an altered audio stream from the first audiostream based on the distance between the first user device and thesecond user device; and transmitting, by the server, the altered audiostream to the second user device. In some embodiments, the servercreates the altered audio stream by at least one of: a) applying acomputed transformation to the audio stream, and b) mixing the audiostream with a sound.

In some embodiments, a method comprises establishing, by a server,communication with user devices, the user devices including a first userdevice and other user devices; for each user device, receiving, by theserver, location data identifying a location of that user device; foreach user device, determining, by the server, a geographical regionbased on the location of that user device, the geographical regionhaving an area; for each user device, determining, by the server, theother user devices that are within the geographical region of that userdevice; receiving, by the server, audio streams from at least one of theother user devices that are within the geographical region of the firstuser device; transmitting, by the server, the audio streams to the firstuser device; and changing, by the server, a number of the other userdevices that are within the geographical region of the first user deviceby changing the area of the geographical region. In some embodiments,changing the number of the other user devices that are within thegeographical region of the first user device includes at least oneof: 1) decreasing, by the server, the number of the other user devicesthat are within the geographical region of the first user device bydecreasing the area of the geographical region, and 2) increasing, bythe server, the number of the other user devices that are within thegeographical region of the first user device by increasing the area ofthe geographical region. In some embodiments, the decreasing of the areaof the geographical region decreases a radius of the geographicalregion; and the increasing of the area of the geographical regionincreases a radius of the geographical region. In some embodiments, thedecreasing of the area of the geographical region is in response to thenumber of the other user devices that are within the geographical regionof the first user device being above a maximum threshold; and theincreasing of the area of the geographical region is in response to thenumber of the other user devices that are within the geographical regionof the first user device being below a minimum threshold. In someembodiments, the changing of the area of the geographical region isbased on a level of communication traffic for audio streams receivedfrom the other user devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic drawing of a radio simulation systemincorporating an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a simplified drawing illustrating a function of the radiosimulation system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIGS. 3-9 are simplified drawings illustrating various functions of theradio simulation system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with variousembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a simplified flowchart of a process performed by a server foruse in the radio simulation system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a simplified flowchart of a process performed by a userdevice in the radio simulation system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a simplified schematic drawing of a server for use in theradio simulation system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a simplified schematic drawing of a user device for use inthe radio simulation system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, a radio simulationsystem 100 generally includes one or more server(s) 101 in communicationwith N user devices Dev1-DevN through a communication system 102. Usersof the user devices Dev1-DevN generally communicate with some of theother users (through the server 101) in a manner that, in someembodiments, gives a simulated look and feel of real-time communicationthrough a two-way radio, such as point-to-point simplex communicationbetween CB (citizens band) radios or walkie-talkies, as described below.

The user devices Dev1-DevN represent various types of personalcomputerized devices (running a two-way radio simulationclient/application with functions described herein), such as smartphones (e.g., Android™, iPhone™, etc.), mobile digital devices, tabletcomputers, notebook computers, desktop computers, game consoles,embedded computers (e.g., in vehicles), etc. or an application-specificelectronic client device (having digital and analog circuitry forperforming the two-way radio simulation functions described herein). Theservers 101 represent one or more stand-alone computer devices ormultiple distributed-computing devices, such as in a server farm or acloud computing system, running a server application(s) with functionsdescribed herein. The communication system 102 represents a variety ofwired and wireless communication networking devices for cell phone (3G,4G, etc.) data communications, Internet transmissions (e.g., in an IPnetwork), WiFi connections, etc.

To simulate the two-way radio communication, a communication connectionis established between the server 101 and the user devices Dev1-DevNthrough the communication system 102. For embodiments in which the userdevices Dev1-DevN are smart phones, for example, the two-way radiosimulation application has access to the data communication capabilitiesthereof, e.g., 3G or 4G cell phone communications, WiFi™, Bluetooth™,Zigbee™, WiMax™, other wireless connection, or a wired Ethernet or otherwired link layer connection, etc., in order to establish thecommunication connection. The users then speak into a microphone of theuser devices Dev1-DevN, and audio data is streamed to the server 101,which retransmits the audio streams to selected other user devicesDev1-DevN. The user devices Dev1-DevN also transmit location data (e.g.,generated by GPS or other location-determining sensor components andfunctions of the user devices Dev1-DevN) identifying their individuallocations to the server 101.

The server 101 determines geographical regions 103-108 that correspondto the user devices Dev1-DevN, respectively, based on (or centered on)the location of each user device Dev1-DevN. In some embodiments, eachgeographical region 103-108 is different for each user device Dev1-DevN,since the location of each user device Dev1-DevN is typically differentfrom every other user device Dev1-DevN. If two or more of the userdevices Dev1-DevN are directly on top of one another so that theygenerally share the same location, however, then the geographicalregions 103-108 for those devices may be the same. Additionally,although the geographical regions 103-108 are shown as circular, otherembodiments can use other shapes, even with noncontiguous portionsthereof, thereby simulating various radiation patterns produced byconventional two-way radios, as well as other patterns that would notoccur in the physical world.

Upon receiving the audio stream transmitted from one of the user devicesDev1-DevN, the server 101 determines which of the other user devicesDev1-DevN are physically within the geographical region 103-108 of theuser device Dev1-DevN that is transmitting the audio stream. The server101 then retransmits (e.g., on a per audio frame basis) the audio streamto the other user devices Dev1-DevN that are physically within thatgeographical region 103-108, so that those user devices Dev1-DevNreceive the audio stream in real-time, or almost in real-time, i.e.,with as little delay as possible or practical for a “near real time” or“soft real time” experience. Real-time audio generally has tight timeconstraints in which all the audio data must be transformed,transported, and untransformed at the recipient's station with a minimumof delay to create the natural feel of a conversation. In someembodiments, therefore, retransmission starts immediately, i.e., asquickly as possible or practical, upon beginning to receive the audiostream. The other user devices Dev1-DevN receive the audio stream andthen present it to the users through speakers, headphones, earbuds, orother appropriate listening devices.

For example, if the server 101 receives an audio stream from one of theuser devices Dev1-Dev3, then the server 101 retransmits the audio streamto the other ones of the user devices Dev1-Dev3, since all of the userdevices Dev1-Dev3 are within the geographical regions 103-105 of eachother. Consequently, since the user devices Dev4-DevN are not within thegeographical regions 103-105 of the user devices Dev1-Dev3, the audiostream is not retransmitted to those user devices Dev4-DevN. Similarly,if the user device Dev5 transmits an audio stream, the server 101retransmits it to both of the user devices Dev4 and DevN, since both arewithin the geographical region 107 of the user device Dev5, and not tothe user devices Dev1-Dev3, since none of them are within thegeographical region 107. If either user device Dev4 or DevN transmits anaudio stream, however, the server 101 retransmits it only to the userdevice Dev5, since only the user device Dev5 is within the geographicalregions 106 and 108 of the user devices Dev4 and DevN. Each user deviceDev4 or DevN is not within the geographical region 108 or 106 of theother, so they do not receive each other's audio streams.

In other words, in some embodiments, the radio simulation system 100allows each user device Dev1-DevN to receive only the audio streams fromother user devices Dev1-DevN that are within a certain permissiblerange. In this manner, the user devices Dev1-DevN simulate the look andfeel of a conventional CB radio or walkie-talkie, in some embodiments,wherein communication between radios is limited by broadcast range(corresponding to the geographical regions 103-108, regardless of theirshape). This feature and additional features described below improve thefunctioning of the server 101 and the user devices Dev1-DevN by enablingrapid, simple ways to establish voice communications by people within acertain distance of each other or in a certain special or physicalrelationship relative to each other by means of a simulated two-wayradio communication. In some embodiments described below, the physicalrelationship may be a present relationship, as well as a pastrelationship. Additionally, these features are improvements intelecommunication technology that enable enjoyment of a retro ornostalgic experience and variations thereof described below enabled bymodern or computer technology by means of the simulated two-way radiocommunication.

In some embodiments, the communication connection between the server 101and each user device Dev1-DevN is established upon turning on the userdevice Dev1-DevN or upon launching a two-way radio simulationapplication on the user device Dev1-DevN by the user. In someembodiments, the communication connection is established by the userselecting a function within the application on the user deviceDev1-DevN, e.g., by pressing a button or touching or clicking on adisplay screen icon. The communication connection is generallyestablished by the user device Dev1-DevN generating and sending a datapacket (identifying the user device Dev1-DevN) through the communicationsystem 102 to the server 101, followed by the server 101 receiving andparsing the data packet and activating a communication session with theuser device Dev1-DevN.

The first time a user device Dev1-DevN establishes the communicationconnection, in some embodiments, the user registers the user deviceDev1-DevN with the server 101 (and supporting services running on theserver 101). In some embodiments, the user provides a username andpassword and/or an identifier or other type of unique identity (ID)code, which are stored by the server 101. Alternatively, the server 101provides the unique ID codes to the user devices Dev1-DevN. In someembodiments, both the username and some type of unique ID code are usedfor different purposes within the radio simulation system 100. Theusername and password or other type of unique ID code, for example, isused by the user devices Dev1-DevN to login to the server 101 uponestablishing the communication connection in the future. The futurelogin procedure may be done automatically upon establishing thecommunication connection. Additionally, in some embodiments, theusername, which is not necessarily unique, serves to identify the userto other users, in some embodiments, in a manner similar to the practiceamong CB operators or other radio operators of identifying themselveswith a “handle” or “radio call sign,” instead of with their real name.

In other embodiments, there is no need for registering upon initiallyestablishing the communication connection. Instead, the server 101 andthe user devices Dev1-DevN automatically allow the users to immediatelybegin participating in conversations (listening and speaking) with otherusers (with other user devices Dev1-DevN within the appropriategeographical region 103-108) as soon as the communication connection isestablished. In this manner, or in the manner of the automatic logindescribed previously, the server 101 and the user devices Dev1-DevNoperate together to further simulate, in some embodiments, the look andfeel of a two-way radio communication, wherein communicationcapabilities are established almost immediately upon turning on thetwo-way radio. In other embodiments, the communication capabilitiesbetween the user devices Dev1-DevN are not enabled until the usersactivate the communication feature in the two-way radio simulationapplication, e.g., by pressing a button or touching or clicking on adisplay screen icon.

In some embodiments, immediately upon establishing the communicationconnection (with or without registration and/or login), the user devicesDev1-DevN transmit the location data (e.g., in a data packet)identifying their location to the server 101. This feature enables theserver 101 to determine (e.g., by receiving and parsing the data packetand processing the location data) the geographical regions 103-108 foreach user device Dev1-DevN as soon as possible, so that communicationsbetween the user devices Dev1-DevN (within each other's geographicalregions 103-108) can begin almost immediately or upon being activated bythe users. In other embodiments, the user devices Dev1-DevN do nottransmit their location data to the server 101 until the user causes itto happen, e.g., by pressing a button or touching or clicking on adisplay screen icon. In either case, a communication “session,” i.e.,with a defined beginning and end, is not established. Instead,communication is “sessionless,” i.e., communication is always availablebetween user devices Dev1-DevN that are within each other's range orgeographical regions 103-108.

In some embodiments, the server 101 establishes various groups of theuser devices Dev1-DevN. In some embodiments, the groups are establishedwithout inviting the user devices Dev1-DevN to join the groups. Thegroups are generally based on the locations and/or the geographicalregions 103-108 of the user devices Dev1-DevN. Each user deviceDev1-DevN, in some embodiments, is associated with and is a member ofits own group, and each of the other user devices Dev1-DevN that isphysically within the geographical region 103-108 of that user deviceDev1-DevN is also a member of that group. Thus, in some embodiments,each group is considered to have a primary member (one of the userdevices Dev1-DevN on which the group is based or centered) and one ormore secondary members (one or more of the other user devices Dev1-DevNphysically within the geographical region 103-108 of the primary memberuser device Dev1-DevN). Similarly, each user device Dev1-DevN isconsidered, in some embodiments, as a sole primary member of its owngroup and as a secondary member of one or more other groups. The server101 stores and maintains group association data for each of the userdevices Dev1-DevN. When the server 101 receives an audio streamtransmission from one of the user devices Dev1-DevN, therefore, itretransmits the audio stream to the other members of the group for thatuser device Dev1-DevN.

In some embodiments, the look and feel of two-way radio communication isfurther simulated by requiring the user to activate the microphone ordata transmission of the user device Dev1-DevN before the audio streamcan be transmitted therefrom to the server 101. For some embodiments inwhich the user device Dev1-DevN is a smart phone, a tablet computer orother touch-input device, for example, the user touches or presses adisplay screen icon to activate this feature. In some embodiments, abutton or key is pressed on the user device Dev1-DevN, or a pointingdevice is used to click on an icon. In some embodiments, this featuremay be voice or sound activated, wherein the microphone is alwaysactivated, but the audio stream transmission is not until, for example,the user speaks into the microphone or speaks a particular keyworddetected by a voice recognition application. Additionally, themicrophone or data transmission is deactivated when the user stopstouching the display screen icon or pressing the button/key, when theuser touches or presses another icon/button/key, when the user saysanother particular keyword (e.g., “over”) detected by the voicerecognition application, or after a period of silence in which the userdoes not speak. This feature simulates the push-to-talk (PTT) functionof a two-way radio, wherein the radio operator must press a button onthe radio or microphone in order to transmit audio and releases thebutton when finished.

In some embodiments, if more than one user device Dev1-DevN istransmitting an audio stream for receipt by the same other user devicesDev1-DevN, then the server 101 combines or merges each of the individualaudio streams into a single overall unified audio stream beforeretransmitting. For example, if both user devices Dev1 and Dev2 aretransmitting an audio stream, then the server 101 merges those audiostreams into the unified audio stream for transmitting to the userdevice Dev3. The user of the user device Dev3, therefore, hears both ofthe other users speaking simultaneously. On the other hand, if the userdevices Dev4 and Dev5 are simultaneously transmitting audio streams,then a user device that is within both of the geographical regions 106and 107 will receive both audio transmissions, but the user device DevNwill receive only the one from the user device Dev5. This feature may beconfusing to the receiving user, but it simulates the ability of two-wayradios to receive transmissions from multiple overlapping transmitters.In some embodiments, to reduce computational overhead, user devices thatare coincident or within a certain distance of each other may have allof their audio streams computed together as one user device, such that amixed signal calculation is shared across these user devices.

As an alternative, in some embodiments, the first audio stream to reachthe server 101 is retransmitted to those user devices Dev1-DevN that aresupposed to receive it, and when a subsequent audio stream is receivedfrom another user device Dev1-DevN while the first audio stream is beingretransmitted, the subsequent audio stream is not retransmitted to thoseuser devices Dev1-DevN that are already receiving the first audiostream. Instead, audio data packets for the subsequent audio stream areretransmitted only to any of the user devices Dev1-DevN that are notalready receiving an audio stream. Otherwise, the audio data packets aredumped or deleted, until the first audio stream stops. When the firstaudio stream stops, then the subsequent audio stream, if it is stillbeing received by the server 101, is retransmitted at that point withinthe second audio stream to those user devices Dev1-DevN that had beenreceiving the first audio stream. This feature prevents confusingoverlapping audio streams. However, this feature also causes some of theuser devices Dev1-DevN to potentially miss some audio streams orportions of some audio streams. Alternatively, in some embodiments, inorder to avoid overlapping audio streams, a user device (e.g., Dev1) isprevented from transmitting when another user device (e.g., Dev2) withinrange is transmitting. For example, an audible error signal (e.g., abeep) or a display screen pop-up message is presented to the user of theuser device Dev1 when the user activates the microphone or datatransmission at a time when the other user device Dev2 is alreadytransmitting.

In some embodiments, the user devices Dev1-DevN do not receive audiostreams or present them to the users while also transmitting at the sametime. In other words, the server 101 does not retransmit audio streamsto the user devices Dev1-Dev4 from which it is receiving audio streams,or the user devices Dev1-DevN stop presenting audio streams throughtheir speaker/earphone when their microphone or data transmission isactivated. In this manner, the conventional feature of a typical two-wayradio is simulated wherein the radio cannot receive while transmitting.In some embodiments, a receiving user may be alerted that it is clear tobegin a response transmission by the server 101 or the user deviceDev1-DevN adding an audible signal (e.g., a beep) at the end of everyaudio stream. Alternatively, users may develop the practice of alwayssaying “over,” as in conventional two-way radio usage.

In some embodiments, different channels (e.g., designated by a number ora name) are available for communication among user devices Dev1-DevNthat are within the geographical regions 103-108 of each other. Usersset their user devices Dev1-DevN to a desired one of the availablechannels. If one channel has too much audio traffic, for example, thensome users can switch or set their user devices Dev1-DevN to anotherunused or less-used channel. In some embodiments, channels have a limiton the number of allowed user devices Dev1-DevN that can participate init at a single time. This feature simulates the conventional feature oftypical two-way radios wherein the radios can be tuned to differentfrequencies for simultaneous transmissions without interfering with eachother. Upon starting the two-way radio simulation application, the userdevice Dev1-DevN defaults to the most recently used channel or to adesignated default channel, or the application does not beginparticipating in a channel, until the user sets it. In some embodiments,therefore, the user devices Dev1-DevN that can communicate with eachother is determined by the server 101 based on both the selected channeland the geographical area.

In some embodiments, users purchase or create private or premiumchannels. In some embodiments, the premium channels are in addition tothe (public) channels that are available to every user device Dev1-DevN,but the premium channels are restricted to the user devices Dev1-DevN ofthe users that the channel purchaser/creator selects or invites orallows to join that channel. Such premium channels may be for privateuse or for special interest discussions among a select group of users.In some embodiments, premium channels are used just like publicchannels, but only for certain users, e.g., those that have paid for asubscription or monthly/recurring fee. In some embodiments, the privateor premium channels have an expiration date and/or time.

In some embodiments, special channels (whether private/premium orfree/publicly-available) are created for specific purposes. For example,a special channel can be created for an event, such as a sporting,political or concert event. In this case, when the user devicesDev1-DevN are within a geographical region of the event (e.g., inside asports stadium's grounds), the user devices Dev1-DevN will show theavailability of the special channel, and users select the specialchannel through their user devices Dev1-DevN in order to communicatewith other users in attendance at the same event and who want to discussthat event without listening to users who are discussing otherinterests. In some embodiments, special channels created for an eventwill expire a certain time after the event ends.

In some embodiments, the user device Dev1-DevN is set to more than onechannel at a time. For example, if multiple channels are available, butcommunication traffic is relatively light in some of the channels, theuser can set the user device Dev1-DevN to more than one channel in orderto increase the communication traffic to that user device Dev1-DevN.

In some embodiments, a special channel can be created in which only aspecified subset of users (or user devices Dev1-DevN), who have certainrequisite permissions, are allowed to transmit audio streams for thatchannel. Other users are allowed listen-only capabilities. For example,this feature may be used for a select group of users to provideinformation or commentary to a much larger group of people, such as fora special event (e.g., sporting, political, concert, county fair, etc.)or location-based information (e.g., for a museum, an airport, emergencymanagement, etc.).

The private, premium or special channel features are variations on thetwo-way radio simulation concept made possible by computer technology.In other words, although these features are not exact simulations ofconventional two-way radio communications, these features neverthelessmake the experience of the look and feel more enjoyable, in someembodiments.

In some embodiments, users can block other users to whom they do notwant to listen. To do so, since the server 101 merges all of the audiostreams into a unified audio stream for each user device Dev1-DevN, theuser causes the user device Dev1-DevN to transmit to the server 101 anindication of which user or other user device Dev1-DevN to block. Inresponse, the server 101 no longer includes audio streams from theblocked user device Dev1-DevN in the unified audio stream for the userdevice Dev1-DevN that requested the block. In some embodiments, theblocked user device Dev1-DevN is flagged to not be included in thegeographical region 103-108 or group for the block-requesting userdevice Dev1-DevN. Additionally, in some embodiments, theblock-requesting user device Dev1-DevN is not included in thegeographical region 103-108 or group for the blocked user deviceDev1-DevN. Similarly, a creator of a private, premium or special channelcan block selected user devices Dev1-DevN from joining those channels orfrom transmitting or receiving audio streams for those channels. Theblocking features are additional variations on the two-way radiosimulation concept made possible by computer technology. In other words,although these features are not exact simulations of conventionaltwo-way radio communications, these features nevertheless make theexperience of the look and feel more enjoyable, in some embodiments, byremoving unwanted or annoying participants from a user's conversations.

In some embodiments, the length for any continuous audio stream from anyof the user devices Dev1-DevN has a maximum allowable time limit orduration. A timeout thus occurs a certain amount of time afteractivating the microphone or data transmission, thereby ending thetransmission. The user can then start another audio stream eitherimmediately or after a “cool-down” period. This feature, although notsimilar to the conventional function of a typical two-way radio,prevents any one user from talking over other users and monopolizing theoverall audio stream instead of actually having a conversation with theother users. Additionally, since some embodiments do not allow a userdevice Dev1-DevN to receive audio streams while transmitting, thetimeout feature ensures that users have an opportunity to interrupt andrespond to each other. When a user device Dev1-DevN is transmitting, analert (e.g., a beep or pop-up message) that the timeout has occurred oris about to occur is provided to the user in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, the user devices Dev1-DevN re-determine or updatetheir location data and transmit the new location data to the server101. The location updates, in some embodiments, are performed atperiodic intervals, e.g., with a fixed or variable time period. In someembodiments, the location updates are performed whenever an audio streamtransmission begins. In some embodiments, the location updates areperformed whenever the user devices Dev1-DevN detect movement thereof ora change in location of a certain distance amount.

FIG. 2 shows an example situation in which a user or user device 120moves (as indicated by arrows 121 and 122) among several other userdevices 123-128. (In this and subsequent examples, the user devices areindicated by a dot.) The user device 120, therefore, repeatedlytransmits updated location and/or vector (e.g., direction and/or speed)data to the server 101 at periodic intervals, when movement is detected,when the user device 120 transmits an audio stream or some combinationthereof. Movement is detected by inertial sensors or by a change inGPS-type location data in the user device 120. In some embodiments, ifthe location data is transmitted at periodic intervals, the intervaltime length is shorter when the user device 120 is moving faster andlonger when moving slower or not moving. In some embodiments, the updateinterval time length is short enough that the updates appear to occuralmost continuously, or in real-time. In some embodiments, the updateinterval time length is on the order of one or more minutes. Theupdating of the location data is also done by the other user devices123-128 in a similar manner.

When the server 101 receives the updated location data from the userdevice 120 (and the other user devices 123-128), the server 101recalculates, re-determines, changes or updates the geographical regionor group for the user device 120 (and the other user devices 123-128) assoon as possible, as needed or in almost real-time, based on a historyof locations of the user device 120. For example, when the user device120 transmits location and/or vector data at first, second and thirdlocations, the server 101 determines geographical regions 129, 130 and131, respectively, for the user device 120. (In some embodiments, theuser device 120 also transmits its location data when it is between thefirst, second and third locations, depending on the length of timebetween updates.) When at the first location, only the other userdevices 123-125 are within the geographical region 129 or group of theuser device 120. When at the second location, on the other hand, onlythe other user devices 124-127 are within (and the user device 123 hasbecome outside of) the geographical region 130 or group of the userdevice 120. By the time the user device 120 has reached the thirdlocation, only the other user devices 125, 127 and 128 are within (andthe user devices 124 and 126 have become outside of) the geographicalregion 131 or group of the user device 120. In other words, as the userdevice 120 moves, different ones of the other user devices 123-128become within range or within the group of the user device 120, whileother ones become out of range or out of the group, as repeatedlydetermined by the server 101.

Although, for simplicity, this example shows only the user device 120moving, similar changes to which of the other user devices 123-128 arewithin the geographical region 129-131 or group of the user device 120occur when any of the other user devices 123-128 are moving (in additionto, or instead of, the user device 120). Additionally, the updating ofwhich of the user devices 120 and 123-128 are within the geographicalregions or groups for the other user devices 123-128 is done in asimilar manner as any of the user devices 120 and 123-128 happen tomove.

When the user device 120 transmits an audio stream as it is moving inthe illustrated example, the server 101 repeatedly updates itsdetermination of which of the other user devices 123-128 are to receivethe retransmission of the audio stream. The redetermination of whichuser devices 123-128 receive the audio stream is done each time the userdevice 120 begins transmitting or at periodic intervals or prior totransmitting each audio frame in the overall audio stream. If aredetermination is done in the middle of an audio stream transmissionfrom the user device 120, then some of the user devices 123-128 willstart or stop receiving the audio stream at that middle point due tosuddenly becoming within or outside of the geographical region 129-131or group of the user device 120. Again, similar changes occur when anyone of the other user devices 123-128 transmits an audio stream and theuser device 120 moves into or out of the geographical regions or groupsof the other user devices 123-128.

In other words, the user devices 120 and 123-128 that receive the audiostreams from each other are dynamically updated as the user devices 120and 123-128 move around. Similarly, in some embodiments, groups areestablished or created dynamically as the user devices 120 and 123-128move around. This feature simulates the look and feel of conventionaloperation of two-way radio communications, in some embodiments, whereinmoving radios move closer to or further away from other radios, therebymoving into or out of range of each other. This feature is alsocontrasted with other two-way radio simulation applications, whereingroups are not created and updated dynamically, but remain static andunchanging, except when users explicitly select to enter or leave asession or a group, such as a chat room.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 3, a geographical region 140for a user device 141 is altered by the presence of an additionalartificial boundary 142, e.g., a geofence. (In other embodimentsdescribed below, the geographical regions are altered by other heuristicfilters, i.e., rules and criteria for including or excluding particularuser devices from each other's geographical regions or groups.) In theillustrated example, there are three other user devices 143-145. Theother user device 143 is inside only the geographical region 140, theother user device 144 is inside only the area of the artificial boundary142, and the other user device 145 is inside both.

The artificial boundary 142 represents a fixed geographical area;whereas the geographical region 140 is dynamically moveable, asdescribed above. In some embodiments, the user of the user device 141can activate a feature that causes its geographical region 140 to bemodified when the user device 141 enters the artificial boundary 142 orwhen the geographical region 140 and the artificial boundary 142overlap. Alternatively, some establishments may require that the userdevice 141 be affected when entering their premises.

In some embodiments, the area enclosed by the artificial boundary 142 is“added” to the geographical region 140, so that the user device 141communicates with all three of the other user devices 143-145, sincethey are inside either the artificial boundary 142 or the geographicalregion 140. This situation can occur when a user with the user device141 enters a particular geographical area defined by the artificialboundary 142 and wants to communicate with other users within theartificial boundary 142, as well as with other users who are outside theartificial boundary 142, but still inside the regular geographicalregion 140 of the user device 141. For example, if the user enters asports stadium for which the artificial boundary 142 has been set upduring a game, then the user device 141 can communicate with any otheruser device inside the stadium, even if some parts of the stadium extendbeyond the regular geographical region 140 of the user device 141.However, the user may still want to communicate with some other useroutside the stadium, e.g., in the parking lot.

In some embodiments, the area enclosed by the artificial boundary 142 is“subtracted” from the geographical region 140, so that the user device141 a) communicates with the other user device 143 that is inside thegeographical region 140, b) does not communicate with the other userdevice 145 that is inside both the artificial boundary 142 and thegeographical region 140, and c) does not communicate with the other userdevice 144 that is outside the geographical region 140. For example, aschool administrator may decide that students should not be able to usethe two-way radio simulation application inside a school. The school,represented by the artificial boundary 142, can be set up as a “deadzone” within which the server 101 does not allow any user devices 141,144 and 145 to communicate with each other, but may still communicatewith the user device 143 outside the school or artificial boundary 142.In some embodiments, however, the presence of the user device 141, 144or 145 inside the dead zone of the artificial boundary 142 stops allcommunications through the two-way radio simulation application. In thiscase, the server 101 simply does not accept any audio streams from, norallow any audio streams to be retransmitted to, any user devices 141,144 and 145 that are inside the artificial boundary 142. Thus, thetwo-way radio simulation application does not work, even if the userdevice 141 attempts to communicate with the other user device 143 thatis inside the geographical region 140, but outside the school orartificial boundary 142.

In some embodiments, the area enclosed by the artificial boundary 142 is“intersected” with the geographical region 140, so that the user device141 a) communicates with the other user device 145 that is inside theoverlapping area of the artificial boundary 142 and the geographicalregion 140, and b) does not communicate with the other user devices 143and 144 that are outside the overlapping area. In this situation,opposite of the dead zone example above, when the user with the userdevice 141 enters the artificial boundary 142, the server 101 allows theuser device 141 to communicate only with other user devices (e.g., 145)inside the artificial boundary 142. For example, an employer may notwant its employees to communicate with other user devices (e.g., 143)outside the work environment (defined by the artificial boundary 142).Alternatively, a user inside a sports stadium may not want tocommunicate with users who are not also in attendance at the game. Insome embodiments, when the user device 141 enters the artificialboundary 142, the artificial boundary 142 is not just intersected withthe geographical region 140, but completely takes the place of thegeographical region 140. In this case, the server 101 allows the userdevice 141 to communicate with any other user devices (e.g., 144 and145) inside the artificial boundary 142, but not with any user devices(e.g., 143) outside the artificial boundary 142, even if inside thegeographical region 140. Upon leaving the artificial boundary 142, theserver 101 resets the user device 141 back to the regular geographicalregion 140. In this manner, the range of the user device 141 can bedynamically set by the server 101 back and forth between the artificialboundary 142 and the regular geographical region 140 upon entering andleaving the artificial boundary 142.

The artificial boundary embodiments described with reference to FIG. 3do not exactly simulate the conventional operation of a two-way radio.Instead, these embodiments are additional variations on the two-wayradio simulation concept made possible by computer technology and whichenhance the enjoyment of the users of the user devices.

In some embodiments, a geographical region for a user device or a groupof user devices (as determined by the server 101) is based on movementof the user devices relative to each other and/or relative to ageographical feature, as shown in an example in FIG. 4. In some cases,the server 101 alters or replaces a regular geographical region 150 fora user device 151 based on the presence of the user device 151 (e.g., asindicated by the location data) within a geographical feature 152 and/ormovement of the user device 151 relative to the geographical feature152. (Movement, direction and speed can be determined 1) by the server101 based on changes in location indicated by the updated location datatransmitted by the user devices, or 2) by the user devices andtransmitted to the server 101.)

In some embodiments, the geographical feature 152 is a travel route onwhich the user device 151 and various other user devices 153-170 aremoving in the directions indicated by various arrows attached to some ofthe user devices 151 and 153-170. In the particular illustrated exampleof FIG. 4, the (travel route) geographical feature 152 is shown as adivided highway with the user devices 151 and 153-170 moving in lanes171 and 172 (with a median 173 in between) in the directions indicatedby the various arrows. (The user devices 153-170 without arrows are alsomoving in the lanes 171 and 172.) Each of the user devices 151 and153-170 is thus assumed to be in a vehicle with a user. Features andfunctions described with respect to this embodiment, however, areequally applicable to embodiments in which the travel route is afootpath or a trail with users who are hiking, running, or biking, or awaterway with users who are swimming, kayaking, or sailing, or a railwaywith users who are riding a train. Other movement or travel-relatedexample embodiments are also covered by this embodiment.

In some embodiments, the server 101 determines the groups to which theuser devices 151 and 153-170 belong based on the direction of movementof the user devices 151 and 153-170 in addition to, or instead of, thedistances between the user devices 151 and 153-170. In some embodiments,for example, the server 101 groups the user device 151 together withonly those other user devices (e.g., 153-158) that are all moving ortravelling on the same route or in approximately the same direction asthe user device 151 (i.e., west, or predominantly west, as shown in thisexample). On the other hand, those other user devices (e.g., 165-170)that are all moving in approximately the opposite direction of the userdevice 151 can be excluded from the group for the user device 151, evenif the other user devices (e.g., 167-169) are within the regulargeographical region 150 of the user device 151. In this manner, the userof the user device 151 communicates exclusively or primarily with otherusers who are travelling in generally the same direction, as if in aconvoy, and can avoid talking to other users who clearly have acompletely different destination.

In some variations of this embodiment, the server 101 can also base thegroup for the user device 151 on how far ahead or behind the other userdevices 153-158 are from the user device 151. In some variations, thedetermination of the group for the user device 151 is made withoutregard to the limits of the regular geographic region 150. E.g., theserver 101 can extend the geographic region 150 some distance in frontof and/or some distance behind the user device 151. In this manner, theuser of the user device 151 communicates exclusively or primarily withother users who are not only traveling in the same general direction,but also who are relatively close to the user device 151, and can avoidtalking to those other users who will be nearby for only a very shorttime (traveling in the opposite direction).

In additional variations of this embodiment, the server 101 can alsobase the group for the user device 151 on how close the speed of theother user devices 153-158 match the speed of the user device 151. Inthis manner, the user of the user device 151 communicates exclusively orprimarily with other users who would potentially stay within arelatively close distance of the user device 151 for a significant timeperiod. Additionally, if the user device 151 is walking, running,bicycling or riding in a motorized vehicle, then a heuristic based onspeed would generally exclude other user devices for users who are nottraveling by the same means.

If the group for the user device 151 were based (at least partially) onwhether the other user devices 153-170 are moving in approximately thesame direction as the user device 151, then the user device 163 wouldpotentially be within the group for the user device 151, since theabsolute direction of the user device 163 is fairly similar to that ofthe user device 151, due to a relatively sharp curve in the (highway)geographical feature 152, even though the user device 163 is travelingin the opposite direction relative to the (highway) geographical feature152 as the user device 151. In contrast, the user device 160 would notbe within the group for the user device 151, since the absolutedirection of the user device 160 is almost opposite to that of the userdevice 151, due to the relatively sharp curve in the (highway)geographical feature 152, even though the user device 160 is travelingin the same direction relative to the (highway) geographical feature 152as the user device 151. In some embodiments, therefore, the server 101bases the group for the user device 151 on the movement of the otherdevices 153-170 relative to the geographical feature 152 in addition to,or instead of, the movement of the user device 151. In this case, sincethe user device 160 is traveling in the same direction relative to the(highway) geographical feature 152 as the user device 151, the server101 includes the user device 160 in the group for the user device 151and excludes the user device 163. In some embodiments, a “routedirection” is provided in which the route is considered to be a straightline, regardless of its actual physical geometry, in order to designatea direction for the route or for different lanes of the route. Forexample, user devices 151 and 153-170 travelling on a route that isoriented predominantly north/south (but which actually meanders in manydifferent directions) are given a direction designation of either“north” or “south,” so that they can be grouped accordingly.Alternatively, user devices 151 and 153-170 travelling on a route thatwinds back to itself (e.g., a loop or circular route) are given a“clockwise” or “counterclockwise” direction designation.

In some embodiments, the server 101 includes within the group for theuser device 151 any other user devices (e.g., 154-160) that are within ageographical region 174. The geographical region 174 is based on thelocation and movement of the user device 151 and the shape of thegeographical feature 152. In the illustrated embodiment, thegeographical region 174 extends a certain distance in front of and acertain distance behind the user device 151 along the curve of thegeographical feature 152 and, in this example, around the same lanes 171that the user device 151 is in. The geographical region 174, therefore,is dynamically moving and shape-shifting as the user device 151 movesalong inside the geographical feature 152. The other user devices 153and 161 are not included in the group for the user device 151, becausethey are outside the geographical region 174, even though they aremoving in the same direction relative to the (highway) geographicalfeature 152 as the user device 151. Additionally, in some embodiments,the geographical region 174 extends slightly to the sides of the lanes171 to take in any user devices that are in vehicles stopped on theshoulder of the lanes 171.

In some embodiments, the server 101 determines which of the other userdevices 153-170 to include in the group of the user device 151 based onthe direction of movement of the other user devices 153-170 relative tothe direction of movement of the user device 151 and/or relative to thegeographical feature 152, but in a generally opposite manner asdescribed previously. In some embodiments, for example, the server 101groups the user device 151 together with only those other user devices(e.g., 162-170) that are all moving in approximately the oppositedirection as the user device 151, either in terms of absolute movementor relative to the geographical feature 152. On the other hand, theother user devices (e.g., 153-161) that are all moving in approximatelythe same direction as the user device 151 can be excluded from the groupfor the user device 151, even if the other user devices (e.g., 155 and156) are within the regular geographical region 150 of the user device151. In this manner, the user of the user device 151 communicatesexclusively or primarily with other users who are traveling in generallythe opposite direction. This situation can occur, for example, if theuser of the user device 151 is interested in talking only with otherusers who have already been where the user is going and can potentiallyinform the user of road hazards, traffic slowdowns, law enforcementpatrols, and/or roadside attractions that are ahead of the user, evenquite far ahead.

In some embodiments, therefore, the server 101 includes within the groupfor the user device 151 any other user devices (e.g., 163-169) that arewithin a geographical region 175. Similar to the geographical region174, the geographical region 175 is based on the location and movementof the user device 151 and the shape of the geographical feature 152,but is for the opposite-direction lanes 172 on the opposite side of the(highway) geographical feature 152. In the illustrated embodiment, thegeographical region 175 extends a certain distance in front of and acertain distance behind the user device 151 along the curve of thegeographical feature 152 and, in this example, around the lanes 172. Thegeographical region 175, therefore, is dynamically moving andshape-shifting as the user device 151 moves along inside thegeographical feature 152. The other user devices 162 and 170 are notincluded in the group for the user device 151, because they are outsidethe geographical region 175, even though they are in the same lanes 172as the other user devices 163-169. Additionally, in some embodiments,the geographical region 175 extends slightly to the sides of the lanes172 to take in any user devices that are in vehicles stopped on theshoulder of the lanes 172.

In some embodiments, the user of the user device 151 may not beconcerned with communicating with any other users who are behind theuser. Instead, for example, the user may want to be informed only ofwhat is ahead. In this case, the server 101 terminates the geographicalregion 150, 174 and/or 175 at the user device 151, e.g., as indicated bya dashed line 176. Similarly, in some embodiments, if the user of theuser device 151 is only concerned with communicating with other userswho are in front of the user, then the server 101 can restrict the groupfor the user device 151 to those other user devices (e.g., 156, 157,166, and 167) that are within a geographical region 177 that simplyextends out in front and to the left and right sides of the user device151, based on the direction of movement of the user device 151.(Although the geographical region 177 is shown as having a bell shape,any appropriate shape for the geographical region 177 can be used.)Alternatively, in some embodiments, in order for the user to communicateonly with other users who have already been where the user is going, theserver 101 can restrict the group for the user device 151 to those otheruser devices (e.g., 166-170) that enter the geographical region 150 or177 only from in front, or through a forward or leading edge of thegeographical region 150 or 177.

In some embodiments, the server 101 combines the regular geographicalregion 150 with any of the other geographical regions 174, 175 or 177,e.g., in a manner similar to that for the “added” embodiment for theartificial boundary 142, described above. In this case, the user device151 can communicate with other user devices (e.g., 155, 156, and167-169) that are nearby and also have access to any of the additionalfeatures and advantages for any of the embodiments described herein forFIG. 4. In some embodiments, a stationary user device or a user devicenot within the geographical feature 152 (e.g., a user device 178), butwithin the regular geographical region 150 for a limited time, can alsobe included in the group for the user device 151.

The embodiments for dynamically altering the geographical region orgroup based on movement of user devices or a geographical featuredescribed with reference to FIG. 4 are additional variations on thetwo-way radio simulation concept made possible by computer technologyand which enhance the enjoyment of the users of the user devices. Insome embodiments, the look and feel of the operation of the user devicesremains similar to that of a two-way radio. Additionally, theseembodiments are distinguished from other two-way radio simulationapplications, wherein it may be possible to create a channel or chatroom for users who are within a particular highway, route, area, orother geographical feature, and then all of the users simply have totrust that everyone who enters that channel is actually within thatgeographical feature.

In some embodiments, the area of a geographical region for a user devicecan change or geographical regions for different user devices can bedifferent sizes, as shown by FIG. 5. In the illustrated example, userdevices 201-203 are either different user devices or the same userdevice at different times or locations. The server 101 has determinedgeographical regions 204-206 for the user devices 201-203, respectively.The geographical region 204 for the user device 201 is considered tohave an initial or default size, area or radius. The geographical region205 for the user device 202 is considered to have been decreased fromthe initial or default size, area or radius, as indicated by dashedregion 207. The geographical region 206 for the user device 203 isconsidered to have been increased from the initial or default size, areaor radius, as indicated by dashed region 208.

In some embodiments, the server 101 will change the size of thegeographical regions 204-206 depending on the level of audio streamtraffic/congestion for, or number of other user devices within range of,the user devices 201-203. For example, if a user device (e.g., 203) isexperiencing a relatively low level of audio stream traffic, e.g., dueto not having very many other users to talk to or a number of other userdevices below a minimum threshold (e.g., represented by one other userdevice 209 within the dashed region 208), when the geographic region 206is at one size (e.g., as represented by the dashed region 208), then theserver 101 will increase the size of the geographic region 206 toencompass more other user devices (e.g., 201, 209 and 210). In thismanner, the audio stream traffic will likely be increased to a moreacceptable or interesting level, due to the increased number of otheruser devices within the geographical region 206. (The user devices 201and 203 are able to communicate with each other, because the user device201 is within the geographical region 206 of the user device 203, eventhough the user device 203 is not within the geographical region 204 ofthe user device 201. In other words, in some embodiments, as long as oneof the two user devices is within the geographical region of the other,then the server 101 will allow the two user devices to communicate.) Onthe other hand, if a user device (e.g., 202) is experiencing arelatively high level of audio stream traffic, e.g., due to having toolarge of a number of other users to talk to or a number of other userdevices above a maximum threshold (e.g., represented by nine other userdevices 211-213 within the dashed region 207), when the geographicregion 205 is at one size (e.g., as represented by the dashed region207), then the server 101 will decrease the size of the geographicregion 205 to encompass fewer other user devices (e.g., 213). In thismanner, the audio stream traffic will likely be decreased to a moreacceptable level, due to the decreased number of other user deviceswithin the geographical region 205. In this example, the number of otheruser devices (e.g., 202 and 210-212) within the geographical region 204for the user device 201 is considered to already be at an acceptablelevel, so the size, area or radius of the geographical region 204 is notchanged.

As a result, each user devices 201-203 may have a different dynamicallyadjustable size, area or radius for its geographical region 204-206,depending on the level of audio stream traffic/congestion or number ofother user devices within range. Additionally, in some embodiments, theuser may set a value for a desired level of audio streamtraffic/congestion or acceptable number of other user devices withinrange, and the value is transmitted from the user device to the server101 for determining when and how much to change the size, area or radiusof the geographical region.

Thus, the apparent range of the user devices 201-203 can expand andcontract due to congestion, such that in a more crowded environment asmore users enter the area, to simulate the decreased signal-to-noiseratio an actual two-way radio system would have, the communication rangeis reduced. Additionally, in some embodiments, some user devices haveincreased ranges provisioned for them (e.g., when the user pays for, orqualifies for, a premium experience), thereby simulating having a betteror higher antenna, more power, or a better receiver. The change in thesize, area or radius of the geographical region also simulates thefunction of a squelch knob available on some conventional two-wayradios. In this manner, these embodiments are additional variations onthe two-way radio simulation concept made possible by computertechnology and which enhance the enjoyment of the users of the userdevices. In some embodiments, the look and feel of the operation of theuser devices remains similar to that of a two-way radio.

In some embodiments, as illustrated by FIG. 6, the server 101 determinesthe groups for the user devices (e.g., 221-224) at a given time, andthen the server 101 allows the groups to persist afterwards, regardlessof the subsequent locations of the user devices 221-224. For example,when the user devices 221-224 are near each other with all theirgeographical regions 225-228 overlapping, so that the server 101 groupsthem together, as described above, then the users select an option inthe two-way radio simulation applications on their user devices 221-224to persist as a group, which can be implemented as a special, private orpremium channel. Thus, the users cause or enable their user devices221-224 to transmit a data packet(s) to the server 101 with instructionsto maintain or freeze their group for a period of time, indefinitely, oruntil an event occurs. As a result, the user devices 221-224 candisperse, as shown, so that they are no longer within each other'sgeographical regions 225-228, but the server 101 will maintain themgrouped together as if they were still within range of each other, i.e.,without regard to whether the user devices 221-224 included in the groupremain within the geographical regions 225-228 for each other. In otherwords, the time for creating the groups by the server 101 can bedifferent from the times at which the audio streams are retransmitted tothe user devices 221-224. In this manner, a number of users (e.g.,friends, family, coworkers, etc.) can come together at a meeting place(e.g., the entrance of a large amusement park, the beginning of a longhike/bike trail, etc.) at the same time, form a group or private channeltogether, and then split up to pursue their own interests or proceed attheir own pace, and still be assured that they can communicate with eachother no matter how far apart they happen to become.

In some embodiments, the server 101 forms the groups for the userdevices 221-224 that enter or pass through or next to a particular areaor geographical feature 229, regardless of whether they are together atthe same time. For example, a number of users can agree to form a groupat the beginning of a long trail, and a user who arrives late (e.g.,after the others have gone out of range) can still join the group byentering the geographical feature 229. Alternatively, the geographicalfeature 229 can represent a particular place (e.g., a sports stadium,important monument, landmark, etc.), and the server 101 can allow theuser devices 221-224 that enter or pass by the geographical feature 229to join a special group or channel set up through the server 101 foranyone who wants to discuss it (e.g., the sporting event, monument,landmark, etc.) after having watched or visited it. In some embodiments,the server 101 allows each user device 221-224 to remain in the groupfor a given period of time (or until the users select to drop out bycausing their user device 221-224 to transmit a data packet(s) to theserver 101 with instructions to leave the group), so that the users canbe assured that they will discuss the sporting event, monument,landmark, etc. only with other users who have seen or visited itrecently.

These embodiments for persistent or continuing groups do not exactlysimulate the conventional operation of a two-way radio. Instead, theseembodiments are additional variations on the two-way radio simulationconcept made possible by computer technology and which enhance theenjoyment of the users of the user devices. In some embodiments, thelook and feel of the operation of the user devices remains similar tothat of a two-way radio. Additionally, these embodiments aredistinguished from other two-way radio simulation applications or audiochat applications, wherein it may be possible to create a channel orchat room for users who are interested in a particular geographicalfeature, regardless of whether they have actually visited it.

In some embodiments, as illustrated by FIG. 7, the server 101 providesthe user devices (e.g., 240 and 241) with audible cues to indicate howdistant they are from each other. Additionally, the audible cues changeas the distance between the user devices 240 and 241 changes, e.g., asone of the user devices 241 passes through the geographical region 242of the other user device 240 in the direction of arrow 243. For example,when the distance between the user devices 240 and 241 increases, thenthe server 101 calculates the distance between them and generates orcreates altered audio streams using one or more techniques that causethe audio streams to sound weaker. For example, the server 101 can applya computed transformation to the audio stream (e.g., lowering theapparent sound volume, limiting the bandwidth of the audio stream,adding an echo to the audio stream, and/or lowering the bit/samplerate), and/or the server 101 can mix the audio stream with some othersound (such as a noise, a hiss, and/or static). (Creating the alteredaudio stream by changing a signal-to-noise ratio of the audio streambased on the distance between the user devices 240 and 241, for example,is particularly suited to simulating a noisy radio channel that hasseveral other user devices producing interfering audio streams. Whenthere are two audio streams merged together, for example, and one audiostream stops, the server 101 will cause the other audio stream to soundstronger, louder or better.) On the other hand, when the user devises240 and 241 are closer together, then the server 101 calculates thedistance between them and generates the audio streams to sound stronger,louder or clearer. In this manner, the fact that the user device 241approaches and then recedes from the user device 240 can be apparent tothe users by a gradual change in these audible cues, whereby the audiostreams become stronger, louder or clearer and then progressively fadeaway (i.e., weaker, quieter, more noisy) to the point that the userdevices 240 and 241 no longer receive the audio streams from each otheronce the user device 241 passes outside the geographical region 242 ofthe user device 240. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the server 101transmits the audio stream to the user device 240 or 241 withoutalteration, but with additional meta data that indicates how the audiostream is to be altered according to any of the techniques describedherein. In this case, the user device 240 or 241 then performs thealterations to generate the altered audio stream in accordance with themeta data instructions before presenting the audio stream to the user.In some embodiments, both the server 101 and the user device 240 or 241perform various parts of the alterations.

Additionally, the user of the user device 240 can potentiallydistinguish the relative difference in distances to multiple other userdevices by the difference in sound volume, quality or noise in themultiple audio streams that the server 101 has altered, merged andretransmitted to the user device 240. The server 101 calculates thedistance between the user device 240 and each of the other user devicesthat are transmitting audio streams and alters the audio streamsaccording to the calculated distances. In this manner, some of theconfusion that may be caused by overlapping audio streams that have beenmerged into the unified audio stream for the user device 240 isalleviated by the fact that one of the audio streams sounds stronger orclearer than the others, since more distant user devices contribute lessto the overall mix, i.e., nearer user devices seem to talk over furtheruser devices. This feature, therefore, can reduce some of the need tochange the size, area or radius of the geographical areas due to audiostream traffic/congestion, as described above.

In some embodiments, the server 101 alters the audio stream inaccordance with the inverse square of the distance between the userdevices 240 and 241, thereby simulating the fading that occurs withdistance between actual two-way radios. In other embodiments, the server101 uses other functions (e.g., linear, logarithmic, stepwise, etc.) toexpress or simulate diminishing signals over distance, even if thefunctions do not reflect the real world. These embodiments for alteringthe audio streams, therefore, simulate the conventional fading of atwo-way radio, with additional variations on the two-way radiosimulation concept made possible by computer technology and whichenhance the enjoyment of the users of the user devices. In someembodiments, the look and feel of the operation of the user devicesremains similar to that of a two-way radio. Additionally, theseembodiments are distinguished from other two-way radio simulationapplications or audio chat applications, wherein the sound volume and/orquality of the audio streams remain constant, or the audio streams arealtered without regard to distance between user devices.

In some embodiments, as illustrated by FIG. 8, the server 101 determineswhich user devices (e.g., 251-259) can communicate with each other basednot only on their locations relative to each other, as described above,but also relative to a shared stationary or mobile intermediatelocation, e.g., one or more simulated stationary or mobile radiotransmission repeater towers 260 and 261. The repeater towers 260 and261 are virtual objects created by the server 101 for the purpose ofenabling some of the user devices 251-259 to communicate with each otherthat might not otherwise be able to. In other words, even though theymay not be within each other's geographical regions, as long as the userdevices 253 and 255-258 are within the geographical region 262 of therepeater tower 260, they can communicate with each other as if theiraudio streams were being transmitted first to the repeater tower 260 andfrom there to the other user devices 253 and 255-258. In reality though,the server 101 calculates which user devices 253-258 are within thegeographical region 262 and groups them together for audio streamretransmissions, along with any other user devices within the regulargeographical regions of the user devices 253 and 255-258.

For example, the user device 251 is within the geographical region 263of the user device 253, so the server 101 allows the user device 253 tocommunicate with the user device 251 in addition to the user devices255-258 in this example. However, the user device 251 is not within thegeographical region 262 of the repeater tower 260, so the server 101allows it to communicate only with the user device 253 in this example.The user device 259 is also not within the geographical region 262 ofthe repeater tower 260, nor is it within the geographical regions of anyof the other user devices 251-258, but it is within the geographicalregion 264 of the other repeater tower 261 (along with the user device258), so the server 101 allows it to communicate only with the otheruser device 258 in this example. On the other hand, in some embodiments,the server 101 will concatenate the repeater towers 260 and 261together, since the repeater tower 261 is within the geographical region262 of the repeater tower 260, so that the server 101 will also groupthe user device 259 with the user devices 253, 255 and 256, as if theyare communicating through both repeater towers 260 and 261.Additionally, the user devices 252 and 254 are also not within thegeographical region 262 of the repeater tower 260, so they cancommunicate only with each other in this example, since they are withinonly each other's geographical regions 265 and 266, respectively. Insome embodiments, however, if the geographical region (e.g., 266) of auser device (e.g., 254) overlaps the geographical region 262 of therepeater tower 260, then the server 101 groups the user device (254)with the other user devices 253 and 255-258 that are within thegeographical region 262 of the repeater tower 260.

In some embodiments, the repeater tower technique can be used toimplement some of the artificial boundary embodiments described abovewith reference to FIG. 3 and/or some of the embodiments for dynamicallyaltering the geographical region or group based on movement of userdevices or a geographical feature described above with reference to FIG.4. For example, the server 101 can establish one or more repeater towerswith virtual locations such that their geographical regions combine toapproximate the artificial boundary 142 of FIG. 3, the geographicalfeature 152 (or portions thereof) of FIG. 4, or any geofence.

In some embodiments, the server 101 also applies the fading simulationtechniques, described above, with the repeater tower technique. In thiscase, the server 101 calculates the distance (for determining how muchto change the sound volume, quality or noise level in any given audiostream) between any two user devices 251-259 by adding the distances 1)from the first one of the user devices 251-259 to the repeater tower 260and 261, 2) from one repeater tower 261 to the next repeater tower 260(if used, plus any additional repeater towers), and 3) from the repeatertower 260 and 261 to the second one of the user devices 251-259.Additionally, in some embodiments, the server 101 treats the repeatertowers 260 and 261 as if they enhance or increase the power level oftransmission signals when determining how much to change the soundvolume, quality or noise level in any given audio stream between theuser devices 251-259.

In some embodiments, for purposes of the fading simulation, when theserver 101 determines the groups for the user devices 251-259, theserver 101 calculates or selects a virtual transmission path with theshortest distance, fewest links, or least fade through the repeatertowers 260 and 261. For example, for the user devices 257 and 258, theuser device 257 is within the geographical region 267 of the user device258, both user devices 257 and 258 are within the geographical region262 of the repeater tower 260, and the user device 258 is within thegeographical region 264 of the other repeater tower 261. Therefore, theserver 101 calculates the distance of the direct path between them, thedistance of the path through the repeater tower 260, and the distance ofthe path through both repeater towers 260 and 261. The server 101 thenselects whichever path results in the shortest distance or fewest links.Alternatively, the server 101 also calculates which path would result inthe highest quality audio and selects that one.

In some embodiments, the server 101 accepts requests from user devicesto establish the location and/or the simulated transmission strength forthe repeater towers. For example, users can purchase or earn (e.g., dueto level of usage) the right to make such requests in order to set uptheir own artificial boundary or geofence or to extend theircommunication range in some place.

These repeater tower embodiments simulate the conventional usage ofradio repeater equipment available for some types or brands of two-wayradios, with additional variations on the two-way radio simulationconcept made possible by computer technology and which enhance theenjoyment of the users of the user devices. In some embodiments, thelook and feel of the operation of the user devices remains similar tothat of a two-way radio. Additionally, these embodiments aredistinguished from other two-way radio simulation applications or audiochat applications, wherein groups are created without regard to distancebetween user devices.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the server 101 alsoestablishes groups based on altitude or elevation of the user devices281-285 in addition to their geographical regions, described above. Insome embodiments, the user devices 281-285 generate and transmit(vertical) altitude data, in addition to the (horizontal) location data,to the server 101. For example, the user devices 281-285 may be inside abuilding 286 on different floor levels, and some of the users 281-283may want to communicate only with other users 281-283 on the same floorlevel or a range of floor levels, but not with other users on otherfloor levels 284 and 285. In some embodiments, the server 101 determinesan elevation range 287 for a known range of floor levels. When the userdevices 281-283 are determined to be within the elevation range 287,based on the received altitude data, the server 101 establishes groupsfor these user devices 281-283, so that they can communicate together.In some embodiments, the server 101 establishes a certain distance 288above and/or a certain distance 289 below the user device 282. Theserver 101 then determines which other user devices 281 and/or 283 arewithin this elevation range above and/or below the user device 282 andcreates a group for the user device 282 with these other user devices281 and/or 283. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the server 101determines the geographical regions based on a wireless access pointthrough which the user devices access the radio simulation system 100.In this case, the range of the geographical regions for each user deviceis limited both horizontally and vertically by the three-dimensionalrange of the wireless access point. In some embodiments, the userdevices access the radio simulation system 100 through differentwireless access points, but if two or more of the wireless access pointshave ranges that overlap or are adjacent or near to each other, then theserver 101 groups the user devices (that are connected through thesegeographically related wireless access points) together. In someembodiments, if multiple wireless access points are considered to bepart of a particular geographical feature (e.g., a sports stadium, anature preserve, a travel route, etc.), then the server 101 groups theuser devices (that are connected through these geographically relatedwireless access points) together.

These embodiments for altitude-dependent, or vertical, groups do notexactly simulate the conventional operation of a two-way radio. Instead,these embodiments are additional variations on the two-way radiosimulation concept made possible by computer technology and whichenhance the enjoyment of the users of the user devices. In someembodiments, the look and feel of the operation of the user devicesremains similar to that of a two-way radio.

FIG. 10 shows a simplified flowchart of acts and functions for a process300 performed by the server 101, in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention. The process 300 represents one or more programs,applications or routines for performing the functions described. Theprocess 300 is shown for illustrative and explanatory purposes only.Other processes having different specific steps, combinations of steps,or order of steps are also within the scope of the subject matterherein. Additionally, in some embodiments, the process 300 representscomputer readable instructions stored in a non-transient computerreadable medium for controlling the function of a computer.

Upon starting (at 301), for each audio frame (or set of frames) (at302), the server 101 loops through steps 303-311 to generate the unifiedaudio streams with the individual audio streams for that audio framethat are to be retransmitted to the user devices Dev1-DevN.Additionally, for each user device Dev1-DevN (at 303), the server 101loops through steps 304-309 to generate the unified audio frame with theindividual audio frames for that user device Dev1-DevN. In someembodiments, the server 101 performs the steps for each audio frameand/or for each user device Dev1-DevN in parallel.

The server 101 then determines (at 304) which other user devicesDev1-DevN are within range, i.e., within the geographical region103-108, for the current user device Dev1-DevN. The server 101, thus,acquires the most recent location data received from each of the userdevices Dev1-DevN, calculates the geographical region 103-108 from thelocation data (with any of the various options described above formodifying the geographical region 103-108) for the current user deviceDev1-DevN, and computes which of the other user devices Dev1-DevN arewithin that geographical region 103-108.

For each of the other user devices Dev1-DevN (at 305) determined to bewithin the geographical region 103-108 of the current user deviceDev1-DevN, the server 101 loops through steps 306-308 to generate andalter (if needed) the current audio frame for the individual audiostream for that other user device Dev1-DevN. In some embodiments, theserver 101 performs the steps for each of the other user devicesDev1-DevN in parallel. If the server 101 has not received, or does nothave, a current audio frame for the current other user device Dev1-DevN,as determined at 306, then the server 101 branches down to 309 todetermine and select the next other user device Dev1-DevN and thenreturn to 305 (if there is a next other user device Dev1-DevN). If theserver 101 has a current audio frame for the current other user deviceDev1-DevN, as determined at 306, then the server 101 determines (at 307)the relative weight contribution of that audio frame to the totalunified audio frame currently being formed, based on the distance fromthe current user device Dev1-DevN to the current other user deviceDev1-DevN (including passing through any virtual repeater towers 260 and261), in accordance with the fading simulation techniques, describedabove. A value for the weight contribution is stored (at 308) in avector indicative of the current audio frame, the current user deviceDev1-DevN, and the current other user device Dev1-DevN. The server 101then determines (at 309) whether there is a next other user deviceDev1-DevN. If so, then the server 101 selects the next other user deviceDev1-DevN as the new current other user device Dev1-DevN and returns to305.

If the server 101 has processed each of the other user devices Dev1-DevN(from 305 to 309) for the current user device Dev1-DevN, so that thereis not a next other user device Dev1-DevN, as determined at 309, thenthe server 101 proceeds to 310 to determine whether there is a next userdevice Dev1-DevN. If so, then the server 101 selects the next userdevice Dev1-DevN as the new current user device Dev1-DevN and returns to303 above.

If the server 101 has processed each of the user devices Dev1-DevN (from303 to 310) for the current audio frame, so that there is not a nextuser device Dev1-DevN, as determined at 310, then the server 101proceeds to 311 to generate computed unified audio frames for each userdevice Dev1-DevN. The server 101 applies the stored weight contributionvalue to each individual audio frame that forms the unified audio framesfor each user device Dev1-DevN. If there is more than one individualaudio frame for any of the unified audio frames, then the server 101also adds appropriate noise to the individual audio frames forsimulating a noisy radio channel. The server 101 then transmits thecomputed unified audio frames to each user device Dev1-DevN and thenreturns to 302 to process, or wait for, the next audio frame and repeatthe process 300 from 302.

FIG. 11 shows a simplified flowchart of acts and functions for a process320 (e.g., for a two-way radio simulation application) performed by theuser devices Dev1-DevN, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. The process 320 represents one or more programs, applicationsor routines for performing the functions described. In some embodiments,the process 320 is implemented in a user device Dev1-DevN that cancommunicate audio data packets and control data via an application-layerprotocol on a switched packet network, e.g., the communication system102. The process 320 is shown for illustrative and explanatory purposesonly. Other processes having different specific steps, combinations ofsteps, or order of steps are also within the scope of the subject matterherein. Additionally, in some embodiments, the process 320 representscomputer readable instructions stored in a non-transient computerreadable medium for controlling the function of a computer.

Upon starting (at 321), the user device Dev1-DevN enters (at 322) theradio simulation system 100 by transmitting a data packet to the server101 with a request to join, login, etc. The user device Dev1-DevN isauthenticated (at 323) by a central server (e.g., 101) via a predefinedprotocol, wherein data packets are transmitted to and received from theserver 101 to login or to initially register with the server 101, e.g.,with a username and password combination, as mentioned above. The userdevice Dev1-DevN receives (at 324) an assignment from the server 101 tothe last channel used (if channels are available) or to a defaultchannel if there was no last channel used. To receive this assignment,the user device Dev1-DevN generates and transmits its location data, asdescribed above, in a data packet(s) to the server 101, which uses thelocation data to determine the channels that are available to the userdevice Dev1-DevN and transmits a data packet(s) back to the user deviceDev1-DevN with the channel data, including initial channel assignmentdata. During about this time, the server 101 also uses the location datato determine the geographical region 103-108 for the user deviceDev1-DevN and then determines the other user devices Dev1-DevN that arewithin that geographical region 103-108 (with any of the variationsdescribed above), so that the server 101 can begin generating andtransmitting the appropriate computed audio frames for the user deviceDev1-DevN.

The user device Dev1-DevN then selects (at 325) asynchronous user deviceactions 326-329, e.g., to be performed as separate routines in parallelor as multi-tasks. The user device Dev1-DevN also begins receiving thecomputed audio frames from the server 101, if the server 101 hasreceived any individual audio frames for retransmittal. Therefore, thedefault action or routine is listening 326, wherein if the user deviceDev1-DevN has received any computed audio frames (as determined at 330)of any other user devices Dev1-DevN within range, then the user deviceDev1-DevN presents (at 331) the computed audio frames through thelistening device (e.g., speakers, earbuds, etc.) to the user and thenrepeats the listening routine 326 in a manner that presents the computedaudio frames as an apparent real-time audio stream. In some embodiments,therefore, the user device Dev1-DevN almost immediately beginspresenting the computed audio frames after login. On the other hand, ifthe user device Dev1-DevN has not received any computed audio frames, asdetermined at 330, then the listening routine 326 simply loops in awaiting pattern.

Another asynchronous user device action or routine is “talking” (327),which also involves transmitting data packets with audio frames to theserver 101. For this routine, the user device Dev1-DevN determines (at332) whether talk has been activated, e.g., as described above foractivating the communication feature. If not, then the talking routine327 simply loops in a waiting pattern. Once talk has been activated, asdetermined at 332, the user device Dev1-DevN receives (at 333) audiodata from the microphone of the user device Dev1-DevN (or attachedthereto) and generates audio data packets, which it transmits (at 334)to the server 101. Under control of the talking routine 327, the userdevice Dev1-DevN continues to loop through 333 and 334 as long as talkis activated, as determined at 332.

Another asynchronous user device action or routine is “moving” (328).For this routine, the user device Dev1-DevN loops through monitoringdata from its inertial and/or location sensors and comparing updateddata with previous data. When it detects (at 335) movement or a changein location (based on the data from its inertial and/or locationsensors), the user device Dev1-DevN transmits (at 336) its currentlocation data in a data packet(s) to the server 101 and then repeats themoving routine 328. In some embodiments, the user device Dev1-DevN alsotransmits its location data in a data packet(s) to the server 101 atperiodic intervals.

Another asynchronous user device action or routine is “change channel”(329). For this routine, the user device Dev1-DevN responds to an inputby the user and transmits a data packet(s) to the server 101 to requesta list of channels that are available to it based on its location andpermissions. When the user device Dev1-DevN receives (at 337) the listof available channels, it presents the list on a display device screento the user for selection. When the user device Dev1-DevN receives (at338) an input by the user selecting one of the available channels, theuser device Dev1-DevN transmits (at 339) a data packet(s) to the server101 with data indicating the channel selection. In response to thechannel selection data, the server 101 switches to generating theappropriate computed audio frames for the selected channel for the userdevice Dev1-DevN.

FIG. 12 shows a simplified schematic drawing for an example embodimentof the server 101. Other embodiments can include other components, othercombinations of components, and/or other interconnections betweencomponents. For the illustrated embodiment, the server 101 generallyincludes one or more processors 351, one or more main memory units 352,one or more mass storage units 353, a display interface 354, one or moreI/O (input/output) interfaces 355, and one or more communicationinterfaces 356 (among other appropriate components not shown forsimplicity) interconnected by one or more internal communicationsubsystems 357.

The processor 351 represents one or more microprocessors, centralprocessing units, graphic processing units, etc., within a singlehousing or distributed among multiple housings. The processor 351interacts with the other components 352-357 to perform the variouscomputing functions for carrying out the primary functions of the server101 described herein in accordance with computer readable instructions.

The main memory unit 352 represents one or more static or dynamic memorymodules, memory chips, memory cards, cache memory subsystems, etc.,associated with the processor 351 as appropriate. The main memory unit352 stores the computer readable instructions and data that theprocessor 351 operates with or on.

The mass storage unit 353 represents storage drives and media for one ormore magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, flash storagedevices, tape storage devices, disk storage devices, etc. The massstorage unit 353 contains applications 358-362 and data for the computerreadable instructions used by the processor 351 and the main memory unit352 to perform the various functions of the server 101. For example, alogin/registration application 358 includes instructions and data forthe processor 351 to handle data received from the user devicesDev1-DevN for requesting access to the server 101. A geographicalregions application 359 includes instructions and data for the processor351 to receive and process the location data from the user devicesDev1-DevN and to calculate data for the geographical regions 103-108(with any of the variations described herein) for each of the userdevices Dev1-DevN. A groups application 360 includes instructions anddata for the processor 351 to use the data for the geographical regions103-108 and the location data from the user devices Dev1-DevN tocalculate which other user devices Dev1-DevN are within the geographicalregions 103-108 of each user device Dev1-DevN and/or to form dynamicgroups (with any of the variations described herein) for each of theuser devices Dev1-DevN. An audio processing application 361 includesinstructions and data for the processor 351 to receive and process theaudio data from the user devices Dev1-DevN, determine whether and howmuch to alter the audio data (e.g., for fading) as described herein, andgenerate the computed audio frames to be transmitted to the appropriateuser devices Dev1-DevN. A communications application 362 includesinstructions and data for the processor 351 to receive/transmit andparse/generate data packets from and to the user devices Dev1-DevN.Other applications, combinations of applications, and/or variations onapplication functions can be used in other embodiments.

The display interface 354 represents components for connecting to one ormore display devices 363. The display device 363 can be internal orexternal to the server 101 and may be shared among multiple servers 101.Alternative embodiments can have no display devices, e.g., for a fullyvoice-controlled embodiment with only audible feedback to the admin oruser.

The I/O interface 355 represents components for connecting to one ormore I/O devices 364. The I/O devices 364 may be shared among multipleservers 101 and represent various keyboards, keypads, touch pads,pointing devices, etc. A user, such as a system administrator, uses theI/O devices 364 and the display device 363 to interface with the server101 to configure or control its functions.

The communication interface 356 represents one or more components forconnecting to the communication devices 365 for network connections,such as Ethernet, optical cables, IEEE 1394, etc. The communicationdevices 365 represent components for accessing the communication system102. Network data packets to and from the user devices Dev1-DevN aretransmitted and received through the communication devices 365 and thecommunication interface 356.

FIG. 13 shows a simplified schematic drawing for an example embodimentof the user devices (e.g., Dev1). Other embodiments can include othercomponents, other combinations of components, and/or otherinterconnections between components. For the illustrated embodiment, theuser device Dev1 generally includes one or more processors 371, one ormore main memory units 372, one or more mass storage units 373, amicrophone (or a port for a microphone) 374, one or more speakers (or aport for speakers or headphones) 375, a display device (or interface fora display device) 376, one or more I/O interfaces 377, one or moreinternal I/O devices 378, one or more communication interfaces 379, anda GPS unit 380 (among other appropriate components not shown forsimplicity) interconnected by one or more internal communicationsubsystems 381.

The processor 371 represents one or more microprocessors, centralprocessing units, graphic processing units, etc. The processor 371interacts with the other components 372-381 to perform the variouscomputing functions for carrying out the primary functions of the userdevice Dev1 described herein in accordance with computer readableinstructions.

The main memory unit 372 represents one or more static or dynamic memorymodules, memory chips, memory cards, cache memory subsystems, etc.,associated with the processor 371 as appropriate. The main memory unit372 stores the computer readable instructions and data that theprocessor 371 operates with or on.

The mass storage unit 373 represents storage drives and media for one ormore magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, flash storagedevices, tape storage devices, disk storage devices, etc. The massstorage unit 373 contains applications 382-384 and data for the computerreadable instructions used by the processor 371 and the main memory unit372 to perform the various functions of the user device Dev1. Forexample, a radio simulation application 382 includes instructions anddata for the processor 371 to perform the various functions of the userdevices Dev1-DevN described herein, including logging into the server101, presenting the received audio frames to the user, activating themicrophone 374, generating and formatting audio frame data from themicrophone 374, generating location and/or movement data from the GPSunit 380, selecting a channel, interfacing with the user, and generatingand parsing data packets transmitted to and received from the server101, among other appropriate functions. A voice recognition application383 includes instructions and data for the processor 371 to recognizewords spoken by the user, e.g., for voice activation of the microphone374. A communications application 384 includes instructions and data forthe processor 371 to receive/transmit and parse/generate data packetsfrom and to the server 101. Other applications, combinations ofapplications, and/or variations on application functions can be used inother embodiments.

The microphone 374 represents an internal microphone or port for anexternal microphone through which the user speaks in order to generatethe outgoing audio streams. The speaker 375 represents one or morebuilt-in speakers or a port for external speakers or headphones throughwhich the received computed audio frames are presented to the user.

The optional display device 376 represents a display screen on which auser interface is presented to the user for the user to view selectionsfor configuring or controlling the user device Dev1 and, in particular,the radio simulation application 382, as described herein. The I/Ointerface 377 represents components for connecting to one or moreoptional external I/O devices 385. The internal I/O devices 378 and/orthe external I/O devices 385 represent various keyboards, keypads, touchpads, pointing devices, etc. The user uses the I/O devices 378/385 andthe display device 376 to interface with the user device Dev1 toconfigure or control its functions and, in particular, the functions ofthe radio simulation application 382, as described herein.

The communication interface 379 represents one or more wired or wirelesscomponents for accessing a wired or wireless access point for thecommunication system 102, e.g., through 3G or 4G cell phone data links,WiFi™, Bluetooth™, Zigbee™, WiMax™, Ethernet, optical cables, IEEE 1394,etc. Network data packets to and from the server 101 are transmitted andreceived through the communication interface 379.

The GPS unit 380 generally represents any appropriate GPS or GPS-likelocation devices for generating data indicative of the location of theuser device Dev1. Optionally, the GPS unit 380 also represents anyappropriate inertial sensors for generating data indicative of movementof the user device Dev1.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been discussedprimarily with respect to specific embodiments thereof, other variationsare possible. Various configurations of the described system may be usedin place of, or in addition to, the configurations presented herein. Forexample, additional components may be included in the system whereappropriate. As another example, configurations were described withgeneral reference to certain types and combinations of systemcomponents, but other types and/or combinations of circuit componentscould be used in addition to or in the place of those described.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing descriptionis by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the presentinvention. Nothing in the disclosure should indicate that the presentinvention is limited to systems that have the specific type of devicesshown and described. Nothing in the disclosure should indicate that thepresent invention is limited to systems that require a particular formof integrated circuits or hardware components, except where specified.In general, any diagrams presented are only intended to indicate onepossible configuration, and many variations are possible. Those skilledin the art will also appreciate that methods and systems consistent withthe present invention are suitable for use in a wide range ofapplications.

While the specification has been described in detail with respect tospecific embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciatedthat those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of theforegoing, may readily conceive of alterations to, variations of, andequivalents to these embodiments. These and other modifications andvariations to the present invention may be practiced by those skilled inthe art, without departing from the scope of the present invention,which is more particularly set forth in the appended claims.

1. A method comprising: establishing, by a server, communication withuser devices, the user devices including a first user device and otheruser devices; for each user device, receiving, by the server, locationdata identifying a location of that user device; for each user device,determining, by the server, a geographical region based on the locationof that user device, the geographical region having an area; for eachuser device, determining, by the server, the other user devices that arewithin the geographical region of that user device; receiving, by theserver, audio streams from at least one of the other user devices thatare within the geographical region of the first user device;transmitting, by the server, the audio streams to the first user device;and changing, by the server, a number of the other user devices that arewithin the geographical region of the first user device by changing thearea of the geographical region based on the number of the other userdevices that are within the geographical region of the first userdevice.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: for each userdevice, determining, by the server, the geographical region, whereinthat user device is at a center of the geographical region.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: for each user device,determining, by the server, the geographical region, wherein boundariesof the geographical region are based on geographical features.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: for each user device, repeatedlydetermining, by the server, the geographical region, the geographicalregion changing as that user device changes location; and repeatedlydetermining, by the server, a set of the other user devices that arewithin the geographical region of the first user device, the set of theother user devices changing as the geographical region of the first userdevice changes.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: for eachuser device with a changing location, determining, by the server, agroup of user devices based on i) the geographical region of that userdevice, and ii) a history of locations of that user device; andtransmitting, by the server, an audio stream of the first user device tothe other user devices that are within the group of user devices for thefirst user device.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: foreach user device for which the history of locations indicates that it ismoving, determining, by the server, the group of user devices furtherbased on a direction of movement of that user device.
 7. The method ofclaim 6, further comprising: for each user device that is moving,determining, by the server, the group of user devices further based on adirection of movement of the other user devices.
 8. The method of claim6, further comprising: for each user device that is moving, determining,by the server, the group of user devices further based on a direction ofmovement of the other user devices relative to the direction of movementof that user device.
 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising: foreach user device that is moving, determining, by the server, the groupof user devices further based on a direction of movement of that userdevice and of the other user devices relative to a geographical feature.10. The method of claim 5, further comprising: for each user device forwhich the history of locations indicates that it is moving, determining,by the server, the group of user devices further based on a speed ofmovement of that user device.
 11. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: for each user device, determining, by the server, a group ofuser devices based on i) the geographical region of that user device,and ii) that user device and a set of the user devices travelling on asame route; and transmitting, by the server, an audio stream of thefirst user device to the other user devices that are within the group ofuser devices for the first user device.
 12. The method of claim 1,further comprising: for each user device, determining, by the server, agroup of user devices based on the geographical region of that userdevice, the other user devices that are within the geographical regionof that user device being a subset of the other user devices, the subsetof the other user devices being in the group of user devices for thatuser device, and that user device being in the groups of user devicesfor the subset of the other user devices; and for each user device,transmitting, by the server, audio streams received from that userdevice to the other user devices that are in the group of user devicesfor that user device.
 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:transmitting, by the server, an audio stream of the first user device tothe other user devices that are within the geographical region of thefirst user device in near real-time.
 14. The method of claim 1, whereinchanging the number of the other user devices that are within thegeographical region of the first user device includes at least oneof: 1) decreasing, by the server, the number of the other user devicesthat are within the geographical region of the first user device bydecreasing the area of the geographical region, and 2) increasing, bythe server, the number of the other user devices that are within thegeographical region of the first user device by increasing the area ofthe geographical region.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein: thedecreasing of the area of the geographical region decreases a radius ofthe geographical region; and the increasing of the area of thegeographical region increases a radius of the geographical region. 16.The method of claim 1, wherein: the changing of the number of the otheruser devices that are within the geographical region of the first userdevice includes at least one of: 1) decreasing the area of thegeographical region in response to the number of the other user devicesthat are within the geographical region of the first user device beingabove a maximum threshold, and 2) increasing the area of thegeographical region in response to the number of the other user devicesthat are within the geographical region of the first user device beingbelow a minimum threshold.
 17. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: determining, by the server, a group of user devices based onthe user devices being within a same geographical region; and for eachuser device in the group of user devices, transmitting, by the server,audio streams received from that user device to the other user devicesin the group of user devices without regard to whether the user devicesin the group of user devices remain within the same geographical region.18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: maintaining the group ofuser devices for a period of time or until an event occurs.
 19. Themethod of claim 1, wherein changing the area of the geographical regionis further based on a level of communication traffic for audio streamsreceived from the other user devices that are within the geographicalregion of the first user device.
 20. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving, by the server, a value for an acceptable numberof the other user devices; wherein changing the area of the geographicalregion is further based on the value for the acceptable number of theother user devices.
 21. A method comprising: establishing, by a server,communication with user devices, the user devices including a first userdevice and a second user device; for each user device, receiving, by theserver, location data identifying a location of that user device;receiving, by the server, a first audio stream from the first userdevice; determining, by the server, a distance between the first userdevice and the second user device based on the location data for thefirst user device and the location data for the second user device;creating, by the server, an altered audio stream from the first audiostream by mixing the first audio stream with noise based on the distancebetween the first user device and the second user device; andtransmitting, by the server, the altered audio stream to the second userdevice.
 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising: creating, by theserver, the altered audio stream by mixing the first audio stream with ahiss sound.